Interactions of D-Maltose and Sucrose with Some Amino Acids in Aqueous Solutions

Calorimetric titrations have been performed at 298.15 K in aqueous solutions to derive the stability constants and thermodynamic parameters of the interactions of D-maltose and sucrose with some amino acids (glycine, DL-alanine, DL-leucine, and L-serine). The apparent molal volumes of the disaccharides in dilute aqueous solutions of the amino acids have been determined from density measurements at 298.15 K. In contrast to D-maltose, sucrose was found to associate with the amino acids and these associated species are preferentially entropy stabilized. These results are interpreted in terms of the influence of the nature of the solutes, their specific conformations, and hydration, on the ability of the disaccharides to form associated complexes with the amino acids.     

Esterification of C1−C8 carboxylic acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis

Summary The esterification of C₁–C₈ fatty acid in aqueous solutions and in the presence of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid and with n-butanol is described. It has been established that the esterification can be used for the quantitative determination of these fatty acids in the concentration ratio range of [H₂O]/[n-BuOH]=0.01–5.3. In the concentration ratio range of 0.01–0.8 the water present does not interfere. In the concentration range of above 0.8 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, in the amount of [Na₂SO₄.anh.]/[H₂O]0.2.     

Electrical conductivity measurements of aqueous sodium chloride solutions to 600°C and 300 MPa

Electrical conductance measurements of dilute (<0.1>^–1) aqueous NaCl solutions were made primarily to quantify the degree of ion association which increases with increasing temperature and decreasing solvent density. These measurements were carried out at temperatures from 100 to 600°C and pressures up to 300 MPa with a modified version of the apparatus used previously in the high temperature study in this laboratory. Particular emphasis was placed on conditions close to the critical temperaturelpressure region of water, i.e., at 5° intervals from 370 to 400°C. The results verify previous findings that the limiting equivalent conductance A_o of NaCl increases linearly with decreasing density from 0.75 to 0.3 g-cm^–1 and also with increasing temperature from 100 to 350°C. Above 350°C. A_o is virtually temperature independent. The logarithm of the molal association constant as calculated exclusively from the data400°C is represented as a function of temperature (Kelvin) and the logarithm of the density of water (g-cm^–3) as follows:

Complexation of aluminate anion by bis-tris in aqueous media at 25–50°C

Gibbsite, Al(OH)₃, solubility studies in aqueous NaCl solutions at pH 9 demonstrate that the aluminate anion forms a strong complex with the neutral Bis-tris molecule 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,2-nitrilotriethanol, at low temperatures. The logarithm of the molal concentration quotient for the reaction

Amide-water interactions in cosolvent systems. I. Solubilities and apparent molar volumes of methyl paraben

Solubility and apparent molar volume data are used to demonstrate effects of amide alkylation on amide-water interactions at 25° C. Precise measurements were made of the apparent molar volumes of the amides in binary amide-water mixtures using a dilatometric technique. The results show that the apparent molar volumes of alkyl-substituted amides in water pass through a minimum at an amide concentration which varies inversely with the degree of alkylation. Further studies showed that the solubilities of methyl paraben (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) and naphthalene in various amide-water solvent systems increased in characteristic fashion with amide alkylation.     

二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱的变异现象及其机理

记录了常温下二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液的Raman光谱，并分别与二钼酸铵晶体、仲钼酸铵晶体、仲钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液、水溶液状态下单钼酸根离子的Raman光谱进行了比较研究。结果表明：二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱相对二钼酸铵晶体Raman光谱，明显地发生了变异现象。二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱其主要特征峰最高振动频率937.6 cm^-1与仲钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱主要特征峰最高振动频率937.6 cm^-1完全吻合，而其次高振动频率893.9 cm^-1，恰好介于水溶液中单钼酸根离子Raman光谱主要特征峰最高振动频率895.1 cm^-1与仲钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱主要特征次高峰振动频率891.0 cm^-1之间，而且三者彼此接近。二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱主、次特征峰强度之比值为2.1，与仲钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱主、次特征峰强度之比值4.4相比，一半不足。提出了一种利用Raman光谱主要特征峰振动频率及其主、次特征峰强度之比值对二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液组分同时进行定性和半定量分析的新方法。发现了常温下二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液中二钼酸根离子Mo₂O₇^2-已经不复存在，完全转变成了优势组分仲钼酸根离子Mo₇O₂₄^6-和次要组分单钼酸根离子MoO₄^2-；证明了常温下含钼水溶液酸化过程中溶液Raman光谱离散性变化现象的存在。运用结构化学和物理化学原理同时讨论了二钼酸铵晶体饱和水溶液Raman光谱发生变异现象的机理。     

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by A/O fixed biofilm system

The long-term environmental impacts of wastewa-ter from coke plant can be very high, especially due to the discharge of large amounts of wastewater. The composition of coke plant wastewater is complicated and varies from one factory to another, depending …     

Continuous pH monitoring during pretreatment of yellow poplar wood sawdust by pressure cooking in water

Yellow poplar wood sawdust consists of 41% cellulose and 19% hemicellulose. The goal of pressure cooking this material in water is to hydrate the more chemically resistive regions of cellulose in order to enhance enzymatic conversion to glucose. Pretreatment can generate organic acids through acid-catalyzed degradation of monosaccharides formed because of acids released from the biomass material or the inherent acidity of the water at temperatures above 160°C. The resulting acids will further promote the acid-catalyzed degradation of monomers that cause both a reduction in the yield and the formation of fermentation inhibitors such as hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural. A continuous pH-monitoring system was developed to help characterize the trends in pH during pretreatment and to assist in the development of a base (2.0 M KOH) addition profile to help keep the pH within a specified range in order to reduce any catalytic degradation and the formation of any monosac-charide degradation products during pretreatment. The results of this work are discussed.     

Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9-Ca3(PO4)2-K3PO4复合电解质在中温区的质子导电性及在常压合成氨中的应用

A precursor of Ce_0.8Y_0.2O_1.9(YDC) solid electrolyte was synthesized by the gol-gel method. YDC and phosphates powders were prepared by mixing the YDC and phosphates according to different weight ratios. The mixtures of the YDC and binary phosphates were ground and sintered at 1 400 ℃. The proton conductivity in solid electrolyte of the sintered samples was examined using electrochemical methods at 400～800 ℃. Ammonia was synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure in the solid state proton conducting cell reactor. The optimal condition for the ammonia production was determined. The result indicated that composite electrolyte of 80wt% YDC: 20wt% binary phosphates as proton conductor could obtain the highest ionic conductivity and ammonia production rate among the four samples, the rate of evolution of ammonia was up to 9.5 × 10^-9 mol·s^-1·cm^-2.     

As12Se44—: ein neuartiges Selenoarsenatanion mit einem Polyarsenkäfig in der Verbindung [Co(NH3)6]2As12Se4 · 12 NH3

As₁₂Se₄^4—: a New Selenoarsenate Anion with a Polyarsenic Cage in the Compound [Co(NH₃)₆]₂As₁₂Se₄ · 12 NH₃ Orange coloured crystals of [Co(NH₃)₆]₂As₁₂Se₄ · 12 NH₃ were prepared by the reduction of As₄Se₄ with a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia and subsequent precipitation with CoBr₂. The X‐ray structure determination shows them to contain the selenoarsenate anion As₁₂Se₄^4—, which consists of a central As₁₂‐cage with four exo‐bonded, formally negatively charged Se atoms. The structure of the As₁₂‐cage is equivalent to the main polyphosphorus building unit of a known organopolyphosphane and of tubular P₁₂ in the compound (CuI)₃P₁₂.